What is fas ligand?

Fas ligand, also known as FasL or CD178, is a type II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. It is primarily expressed on the surface of activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and some other immune cells.

Fas ligand plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and immune responses. It binds to its receptor, Fas (also known as CD95), which is expressed on the surface of target cells. This binding induces a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of caspases and ultimately results in cell death.

The Fas-FasL pathway is important for maintaining immune homeostasis by eliminating autoreactive T cells and controlling inflammation. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other pathological conditions.

Therapeutic targeting of Fas ligand and its pathway is being explored for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and graft rejection. However, it is essential to regulate Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis carefully to avoid potential side effects on normal tissues.